Ngā Whakamātautau Rerehua Ākiroa me ngā Tāruke PVC-O

He aha ngā pīpī PVC-O he tuakiri o ngā rākau wai kia tātai

Te Tātai o te Ora: He Iti Ake i te Hiko Kua Whakauru o te 30% i tēnei i ngā pīpī PVC-U

He iti ake te hiko whakamāhinga o te rākau PVC-O i te rākau PVC-U tūturu, ā, he nui ngā whakamāngōnga kāpua i te wā o te whananga. He nui ngā whakamāngōnga kāpua i te wā o te whananga. Ko tēnei pāngarau i te whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga o ngā rākau me ngā mahi whakamāhinga—ko te whakamāhinga o ngā mōhiohi e whakakaha ana i te kaha, engari kāore he whakapātata atu ki te rōrahi, ā, he iti ake te hāngā o ngā rākau mātua me te hiko whakamāhinga. I tēnei wā i ngā rākau whakamāhinga o ngā rākau whakamāhinga, ko te PVC-O he rākau tāwhaihia mō ngā rākau wai, ā, he rākau tāwhaihia mō ngā whāinga o te ao mō te whakamāngōnga kāpua.

te wā o te whakamāhinga o te 50+ tau me ngā whakamāhinga ā-pūtea o te 60% e whakamāngō ana i ngā whakamāngōnga kāpua i te wā roa

Na te roa o te ora kua kitea, neke atu i te 50 tau, ka neke atu i te tekau tau te mahi a te PVC-O i nga putorino noa. Ko tōna roa te roa, e huri ana ki te 60% iti iho ngā whakakapi i roto i te wā, ka whakakorea ngā tukunga i te hanga, i te kawe, i te tāutanga. Ka whai hua ngā taone i te whakaiti i ngā whakararuraru tiaki me te iti iho o te huānga waro, ā, ka mau tonu te pono o te pūnaha i raro i te taumahatanga whakahaere roa.

Te Mahi Nui o te Pipe PVC-O: Te Mahi Hiko, Te Kaha, me te Resilience

25% Te kaha o te rere me te waiariki pai ake mo te tohatoha pūngao-pai

Ko te tukanga aronga rua-a-roto e whakaputa ana i tētahi kōpaki ā-roto tino maeneene, e whakarato ana i tētahi uara Hazen-Williams C o te 15025% teitei ake te kaha o te rere i te PVC-U, i te putorino rino pakari rānei o te diameter o waho kotahi. Ko tēnei kaha waiora ka whakaiti i te pūngao papu ki te 50% neke atu i ngā pūnaha PE100, nā te iti iho o te mate o te upoko me te nui ake o te kōaro whai hua. Ko te whakawhitinga i runga i te mandrel i te wa e hanga ana ka whakapiki ake i te raruraru, ka pupuri i te mahi i roto i nga tau tekau. Mō ngā whatunga tohatoha, he maha ngā wā e āhei ai tēnei ki ngā putorino iti ake te diameter ki te whakatutuki i ngā rerenga hoahoate tapahi i te whakamahinga rauemi, te whānuitanga o te kōhao, me te tono pūngao roa.

45× He nui ake te ātete pānga me te kaha o te whakamutua o te pakaru i raro i te ahotea

Ko te whakamātua o ngā molekūrē e hāngai ana i te PVC-O e whā ki te rima ngā wā te pānga o te kaha whakawātea o te PVC-U—ahakoa i ngā hōhā rākau i raro i te zero—hei whakamātau i te pakaru i te wā o te whakamāhi, o te whakamahi, me ngā mahi. He mea tāwhai hoki, he whakamātua i te whakawhitinga o ngā pātā (crack propagation), kāore he whakawhitinga tere, ā, koinei te take o tōna manawa pākeke i ngā wāhi pānui pākihi me ngā wāhi e whāia ana e ngā rū whenua. I ngā whakamātau i muri i ngā rū whenua i Christchurch, i Tāmaki Makaurau, i whakamātautau i te aha o te PVC-O i tēnei wā i te whakamāhua o te whenua i rātou i ngā rākau kē i tāwāhi. Ko tōna whakamāhua—e rite ana ki te PE—e whakamātua ana hoki i ngā whakamāhua o te wai me ngā whakamāhua hāngai, kāore he whakamāhua i ngā whakamāhua, ā, i ngā whakamātau ā-taiao i whakamātautau i te 10 miriona o ngā whakamāhua i mua i te pakaru (i tēnei wā, ko te 500,000 mō te PVC-U).

Ngā whakaiti utu me ngā whakaiti o te whakamāhi e whakakaha ana i te whakamāhi o ngā pīpī PVC-O

Ko te whakamāhua iti o te whakamāhua e whakaiti i te wā o te whakamāhi mā 35% me te whakaiti hoki i ngā whakamāhua o te wāhi

Ko te iti o te pākenga o te PVC-O he whakamāmao i te whakamāori, te whakamāhi, me te whakaputanga—he whakamāmā i te whakamāhi i ngā rākau mātua, ā, he whakamāmā i te wā o te whakamāhi anō i te 35% i tēnei. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakamāhi i te whakamātātari i te wā iti ake, me ngā hapa iti ake i ngā wāhi hono, he whakamāmā i ngā utu mahi, ā, he whakamāmā i ngā wāhanga o ngā kaupapa. I ngā rohe ā-tāone, i ngā wāhi e whai ana i te whakamārama ki te taiao, ko tēnei he whakamāmā nui ake i ngā whakamāngōnga o te whakamātātari, ā, he whakamāmā ake i ngā pānga ki te taiao.

Te whakamāhi i ngā kōwhiringa PVC-O i ngā rārangi wai e whai ana i te whakaora i te āhuarangi

Te Tuarā Rārangi Kōwhiringa o Singapōre, Wāhanga II: Te whakamāhi i ngā kōwhiringa PVC-O hei whakamāmā i te whakaora o ngā tāone

Ko te Pūnaha Tāwhai Wāhanga II o Singapōre (DTSS) e whakamāhinga ana i te pānga o te PVC-O ki te whakamārū, te tūtanga o ngā āhuatanga, me te whai hua o ngā rere kōhatu hei whakamārama i te 900,000 m³ o ngā wai kākahu i ia rā i runga i ngā rūtawhiti whānui i raro i te whenua. Ko tana kore pānga ki ngā whakamāngōnga kimikare he tohu mō te whai hua roa i ngā taupāpā o ngā rūtawhiti, ā, ko te iti o te wāhanga o te hanga he whakamārama mō te whakamahinga tere, me te iti o ngā whāinga i ngā ara āhua kīkī o ngā tāone. I whakamāmā ai hei whakamārama mō te 50 tau o te wāhi mahi, me te iti o ngā mahi whakamātua, ko DTSS Wāhanga II he tauira o te aha te PVC-O i tautoko ai i ngā rūtawhiti e whai ana i te whakaora i te āhua o te ao—e whakamārama ana i te whakamāmā, te whakarahi, me ngā mahi tonu i ngā tāone nui e whai ana i ngā whakamāngōnga o ngā taiwhenua me ngā whāinga o te whakamāmā.

FAQ

He aha te PVC-O me te aha te tikanga o tēnei mō ngā rūtawhiti wai?

Ko te PVC-O, i tēnei he polyvinyl chloride i whakamāhinga kia pātata ki ngā āki e rua, he momo kōhanga mātātoko mātātoko i mōhiotia ai hei hāngai tonu, hei whakamāhinga o ngā wāhi hāngai, me ngā whakamāhinga o te taiao. He mea matua ngā kōhanga mātātoko mō ngā rākau wai i tēnei, nā te roa o tēnei o ngā tau o te whakamāhinga, te iti ake o ngā pānga ki te taiao, me ngā whakamāhinga pai ake i ngā āki me ngā pānga.

He pēhea te whakamāwhānuitanga o te PVC-O ki ngā kōhanga atu pērā i te PVC-U?

He maha ngā whakamāwhānuitanga o te PVC-O i tēnei i tā te PVC-U, pērā i te iti ake o ngā hiko i whakamahinga, te pānga pai ake o te whakamāhinga o ngā āki, me te nui ake o te whakamāhinga o ngā wāhi hāngai. Koinei he whakamāhinga pai ake me te whakamāhinga pai ake i te taiao, ā, he whakamāhinga pai ake hoki i te whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga me ngā whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga.

He aha ngā whakamāhi i te ao ōrite o ngā kōhanga PVC-O?

Kua whakamāhinga ngā kōhanga PVC-O i ngā mahi pērā i te Pūnaha Tāwhai Wai Mātātoko o Singapōre Phase II, i reira he whakamāhinga pai o ngā wai kāore he pānga ki ngā pānga o ngā kimiā. He whakamāhinga tūmataika i ngā wāhi ātea i tēnei he whakamāhinga tere me te roa o te whakamāhinga.